Race Relations A Resolved Issue - 1644 Words

Guyo Kotile Race Relations: A Resolved Issue? ENGL 1021-64 Prof. Larry Sklaney 3 Dec. 2013 Although the issue of race relations has died down since the civil rights movement, it is still present in politics and the work place today. Race relations works to better the rights of minority citizens and to lessen the gap between the races. With the facts stated above, race relations are an important issue in the United States of America. Race is a much discussed social and political topic. Race, especially in the United States is everybody’s business. Profiling is evident today, where going to an airport can be a hassle if you fit a certain stereotype. But race relations have come a long way. It has changed vastly from the time of the civil rights movement. We have to remember that the recognition of an injustice and public outcry will change nothing until we understand completely the issues that bring about these events. We have to be careful when dealing with this issue; we have to be contributing to part of the solution rather than the being the problem it self. Injustice could be the turning point in which we transform and open up to the media and investigate our racial assumptions. In todays’ day and age, fear is fostered in the danger of pretending to seek justice when action isn’t taken. Race relations can be resolved if we approach the problem correctly and effectively on appropriate terms. The classification of races is no simple task. Over the last couple of years, itShow MoreRelatedThe Race On Reality Tv866 Words   |  4 PagesRace on Reality TV A unique feature of reality TV makes the show as a site where we can find how the tolerance is conducted in real life, in terms of race, gender, and foreignness. 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Alice Walkers Themes of Womanism, Community, and...

Li 1 Angel Li Mrs. Harper English 6H 7th February 2011 Alice Walkers Themes of Womanism, Community, and Regeneration Alice Walker is considered one of the most influential African American writers of the 20th century, because of her raw portrayal of African American struggles and the injustices towards black women. She was the first African American female novelist to win both the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award for The Color Purple. Her work is appealing and powerful because â€Å"Walkers novels can be read as an ongoing narrative of an African American womans energence from the voiceless obscurity of poverty and racial and sexual victimization to become a reshaper of culture and tradition† (Gray 527). Through†¦show more content†¦The female community also heals Celie, whos newly acquired freedom effects both the men and women. Walker also advocates spirituality in her theme of womanism. According to Bloom, â€Å"Walkers spiritual beliefs are dependent on her womanist philosophy, and vis e versa. Her womanist philosophy is a type of spirituality, one that arises from her movement away from the traditional Christianity in which she was raised† (64, 2000). Shug becomes a medium that Walker uses to depict her growing connection to spirituality and a way for Celie to build a relationship with nature, earth, and herself. Furthermore, Celies letters are based on Walkers idea that writing is a spiritual practice for females to find peace and reflect their thoughts in a racist and sexist society. Bloom goes on to suggest that â€Å" Walkers womanist and spiritual concerns would not exist without her belief that her writing is an individual and communal intervention into a racist and sexist fabric she sees in American culture† (66, 2000). Because women were not allowed to have a voice, Walker writes the novel in the form of letters, where Celie can reveal everything. Lastly, Walker shows her criticism of the injustices shown towards African American women by both blacks and whites. In the novel, â€Å"the men are generally pathetic, weak and stupid when they are not heartlessly cruel† (Wilson 1587), which made The Color Li

The Decision Of Hamlet s Mental State - 939 Words

A theme of ‘madness’ is carefully and creatively manifested within Hamlet. A question that I intend to get out of the way fairly quickly would be the decision of Hamlet’s mental state. There is much controversy surrounding the idea of Hamlet’s madness, and textual evidence can support either side of the argument. However, madness is still at the heart of this play, whether it be real or feigned. Since we cannot prove Hamlet’s sanity, we may still act under the assumption that he has lost his hold on reality. In the case of Ophelia, there is no doubt clouding the decision of her mental state. She is, indeed, insane. In order to examine these cases of insanity, we will not only find differences between Hamlet and Ophelia’s loss of sanity,†¦show more content†¦When alone, or around Horatio, it is portrayed that Hamlet is very in control of his actions. Ophelia, on the other hand, appears to have lost all sense of self-awareness and it is inconclusive as to whether she drowned intently or by accident. Neither of them may have had serious intentions of ending their lives, but it is still true to say that neither of them did much to avoid their endings. Polonius is easily able to cause Ophelia to lose her trust in Hamlet and agree to stop seeing him, without giving any substantial justifications in his reasoning. Ophelia blindly follows Polonius’ orders, because she doesn’t have her own sense of direction (Gerwig 14). Hamlet, in a similar manner, follows the words of the Ghost. He, however, hinders taking action in result of his uncertainty. The two of them can both be swayed due to their â€Å"weakness of will† (Shucking 74). They are also both perceived as â€Å"sensitive souls†, which made them vulnerable to losing holds on reality. The idea of guilt also plays an interesting role in their mental faculties. Guilt over what she did to Hamlet could arguably be where Ophelia’s mind b egins to unravel, but she completely deteriorates with the death of Polonius. Hamlet’s fit of madness at Ophelia’s funeral can also be explained as guilt. This theory is justified by Hamlet’s own words: â€Å"make mad the guilty† (II.ii.541). Ophelia has the burden of

Ethical Theories and Its Issue Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Theories and Its Issue. Answer: Introduction: The implementation of ICT systems and automation of workforce in organizations have created profound concerns for the employment of humans and have been highlighted in majority of media sources. The identification of the case studies of companies such as Foxconn, Amazon and examples of small scale organizations and a critical review of the different cases from the perspective of classical ethical theories such as Deontology, Utilitarianism, Contract theory and Virtue theory. Despite the wide uproar in the media over replacement of human jobs by artificial intelligence, there have been substantial criticisms that point towards the minimal impact of automation on downsizing and reforms in employment (Dekker, Salomons Waal, 2017). As per Hammond, the discussion on the ethical issues from the perspectives of the ethical theories would provide viable insights into the credibility of the decisions identified in the different case studies. Furthermore, the outcomes of reviewing ethical issues could also be helpful for drawing justifiable and logical conclusions necessary for resolution of ethical issues. The big question to be resolved in context of this assignment is, Are AI and robots a threat to human employment? Some of the common ethical issues which are observed in context of ICT applications include references to privacy, ICT professionalism, intellectual property, community and identity, social inclusion, cyber-crime, security and employment (Hammond, 2017). Employment could be perceived as a major ethical issue in context of the case study due to the application of robots and artificial intelligence for automation of human tasks (Ferrell Fraedrich, 2015). The ethical issue pertaining to employment could be reviewed from the perspective of the four theories in order to determine the rightfulness or wrongfulness of the action of employing robots. Deontological theory Deontological theory suggests that actions should be guided by moral obligations and the impact of categorical imperatives can be perceived clearly in the case of this theory. The categorical imperatives identified in the ethical theory of deontology include the formulation of universality and formulation of humanity. The imperative of universality is directed towards the assumption that a particular action or principle of action followed by an individual could be assumed as a general rule without contradiction that. The general rule implies that similar actions could be validated in the case of similar scenarios (Kant Categorical Imperatives: Crash Course Philosophy, 2017). The ethical concerns of employment identified as a response to the automation of human work processes with AI and robots could be reviewed from the perspective of the formulation of universality that preferences of one organization for automation of its complete workforce could lead to establishment of benchmarks for other organizations to lay off their workforce. However, this can be contradicted on the grounds of formulation of humanity involved as a categorical imperative in deontology. As per Hammond, the formulation of humanity refers to the factor that humans cannot be used as mere means and can be used only as means to accomplish something. Therefore, organizations with the intentions to replace their human workforce with robots and AI should emphasize on the factor that employees could be assumed as mere means when replaced with AI and robots (Hammond, 2017). Another prominent perspective that can be drawn forward from the critical reflection on deontological theory reflects on the prospects of humans becoming mere means in context of employment due to the large scale employment of robots and artificial intelligence. Utilitarian theory: The issue of employment identified from the case study could also be reviewed from the perspective of utilitarianism which is also accounted as a profound ethical theory. The principle of utilitarianism is based on the fact that actions are measured on the grounds of pleasure produced by the action. However, the classification of utilitarianism into different forms such as act utilitarianism which could be observed on the grounds of morality of actions is determined by the measurement of good actions that bring good outcomes for a greater number of people (Osawa et al., 2017). On the other hand, the rule utilitarianism accounted for a wider exposition on the ethical theory of utilitarianism which emphasizes on adhering to certain precedents which lead to the most favourable outcomes for the higher number of individuals possible (Utilitarianism: Crash Course Philosophy, 2017). Therefore on the grounds of act utilitarianism, the employment of AI and robots improves the productivity of the organization and leads to favourable outcomes for a large share of employees in the organization. However, the concerns of the employees that lose their jobs due to this initiative should also be taken into concern for determining morality of actions. Therefore rule based utilitarianism could be applied in the case of ethical issue of employment to reflect on the measures for relocation of the replaced employees (Trevino Nelson, 2016). Virtue theory The application of the virtue theory for analyzing the case of probabilities for extinction of human employment due to the large scale introduction of robots and AI for automating human work processes could also be a viable opportunity to identify recommendations for improvement. The profound implication of virtue theory could be observed in the terms of humans as pursuers of virtuousness (Aristotle Virtue Theory: Crash Course Philosophy, 2017). According to West, the definition of virtue theory is guided by the objective of Eudemonia which can be depicted as a state where an individual accomplishes a sense of self-achievement. The application of virtue theory in the case of concerns raised over human unemployment due to automation could be a feasible contributor to the resolution of concerns of unemployment anticipated by humans (West, 2015). The different sectors where employment could be subject to risks include references to the ability of humans and the inherent desire to acquire a flourishing life which would enable them to retrain themselves in different skills. The motivation for accomplishing basic needs as well as realizing basic social requirements could also imply refraining from automation of tasks which are required inherently to establish social contact (Osawa et al., 2017). Therefore, the ethical issues anticipated in context of human employment could be addressed through observing precedents of the virtue theory. Examples of companies which have ensured flexible growth in inclusion of AI and robots in the workforce alongside ensuring substantial improvement in the human workforce indicate that efforts for retraining of human workforce would reduce the concerns of complete decimation of human employment in the coming years. Contract Theory The issue of employment is observed as a major ethical dilemma in context of the case study of implementing AI and robots in modern workforce. It could also be reviewed from the perspective of contract theory which suggests the presence of contracts to ensure that specific agreements are made to validate morality of actions. The application of contract theory in resolution of the ethical issue related to employment of AI and robots could be adopted by organizations in which they could provide contracts to human employees citing relocation incentives or retraining and placement opportunities for them (Contractarianism: Crash Course Philosophy, 2017). The prospects for realizing the application of contract theory feasibly in the case of the ethical issue of employment for humans in event of the large scale automation initiatives could be validated on the grounds of trust between the parties in the contract which ensures that employees are able to appreciate the inclusion of robots in the workplace as a reduction of their workload (Dekker, Salomons Waal, 2017). The contract theory could also be utilized for developing trust of employees in the automation initiatives on the grounds of opportunities for accomplishing complex objectives rather than working on redundant and repetitive tasks. Conclusion: The review of the case study of large scale employment of robots and AI in contemporary industrial and service based functions provided credible insights into the ethical issue related to human employment. The review was supported by references to four prominent ethical theories which were subsequently helpful for drawing recommendations for resolving the ethical dilemma. References Aristotle Virtue Theory: Crash Course Philosophy #38. (2017). YouTube. Retrieved 15 September 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrvtOWEXDIQ Contractarianism: Crash Course Philosophy #37. (2017). YouTube. Retrieved 15 September 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Co6pNvd9mc Dekker, F., Salomons, A., Waal, J. V. D. (2017). Fear of robots at work: the role of economic self-interest. Socio-Economic Review, mwx005. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. (2015). Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Hammond, R. (2017). A Future Without Work? A.I. Robots and Employment. Kant Categorical Imperatives: Crash Course Philosophy #35. (2017). YouTube. Retrieved 15 September 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8bIys6JoEDw Osawa, H., Ema, A., Hattori, H., Akiya, N., Kanzaki, N., Kubo, A., ... Ichise, R. (2017, March). What is Real Risk and Benefit on Work with Robots?: From the Analysis of a Robot Hotel. In Proceedings of the Companion of the 2017 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (pp. 241-242). ACM. Trevino, L. K., Nelson, K. A. (2016). Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right. John Wiley Sons. Utilitarianism: Crash Course Philosophy #36. (2017). YouTube. Retrieved 15 September 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-a739VjqdSI West, D. M. (2015). What happens if robots take the jobs? The impact of emerging technologies on employment and public policy. Centre for Technology Innovation at Brookings, Washington DC.